Ex d is the code for protection by a flameproof enclosure. The technique accepts that an explosive gas atmosphere may enter the enclosure and may ignite inside it. The certified enclosure contains the resulting pressure and prevents flame transmission capable of igniting the surrounding atmosphere.
The key point is containment, not exclusion. If you want to understand the body, cover and joint construction, read What is a flameproof enclosure?. If you are building a complete project specification, start with Flameproof Fundamentals.
What the letters mean
Exidentifies equipment using one or more standardized explosion-protection concepts.didentifies protection by a flameproof enclosure.
IEC 60079-1 contains the specific construction and test requirements for flameproof enclosure protection. In India, equipment may be certified against IS/IEC 60079 (Part 1):2014; use the exact standard and edition stated on the product certificate.

